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A. General hints Financing See the EU-programmes live-long learning, Leonardo, Comenius, Interreg. Ploteus - Portal on Learning Opportunities throughout the European Space Ploteus aims to help among others students, job seekers and teachers to find information about studying in Europe. It offers information on education and training systems, exchange programmes and grants (like Leonardo) and a database of schools and vocational training. http://europa.eu.int/ploteus Euroguidance The network of vocational school centres throughout Europe: www.euroguidance.net/index.htm Fit for Europe www.fit-for-europe.info offers information on education (including vocational education and training), study and occupation in 31 European countries. Euro Info Centres (EIC) The main idea of the Euro Info Centres is to advise and assist businesses on European Community issues. They can sometimes be a useful source of information for other purposes, too. Website: http://eic.cec.eu.int European Youth Portal The European Youth Portal http://europa.eu/youth offers lots of information on studying, working, volunteering, exchanges, accommodation, language classes etc. abroad (in all EU languages). Eures The European Job Mobility Portal offers information on jobs (and job vacancies) and learning opportunities throughout Europe, mainly for jobseekers and employers. http://europa.eu.int/eures Eurodesk (see also country-specific information) Eurodesk is a European network of information services in 27 countries providing information for young people. Website: www.eurodesk.eu. In each participating country, the Eurodesk national partners are national bodies working on youth matters. See also country-specific information! Europass (see also country-specific information) Europass is designed to make qualifications and skills easily understood throughout Europe. It offers tools for the transparency of diplomas, certificates and competences. Europass consists of five documents which can be used separately, including: Europass CV, Europass Certificate Supplement (supplement to a Vocational Education and Training (VET) certificate, clarifying the professional qualifications of all individuals holding such certificates), Europass Language Portfolio and Europass Mobility (which is filled in by the home and host organisations involved, e.g. the vocational school at home and the exchange-partner-school abroad). http://ec.europa.eu/education/programmes/europass/index_en.html See also country-specific information! NRP National Reference Points for transparency of vocational qualifications (see also country-specific information) In every country of the EU, a National Reference Point (NRP) gives access to information on vocational qualifications. See also country-specific information! B. Country-specific information The brochure covers all Baltic Sea states (including Norway), with the exception of Russia where organizational problems complicate the exchange of trainees. All figures given are rounded. The Websites for the National Reference Points for vocational qualifications NRP are not yet available for all countries. (You’ll find the Links via Internet search-engines or via cedefop, the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/) 1. Denmark - Danmark Country Profile: Country: Kongeriget Danmark / Kingdom of Denmark - DK Capitol: København - Copenhagen (population ca. 1 million) Other cities: Århus, Odense, Ålborg, Esbjerg Population: 5.4 million, whereof 95% Danish Currency: 1 Danish krone / crown (dkr, DKK) = 100 Øre; 1 ¬ = 7,5 dkr Language: Danish, some German (in South Jutland) Religion: 85% Lutheran Further information / Other: The country consists of the large peninsula Jylland / Jutland which borders northern Germany plus a large number of islands (over 400) including Sjaelland / Zealand (7000 square kilometers), Fyn / Funen, Lolland, Bornholm and Falster. Greenland and the Faroe Islands also belong to Denmark. Though not located on the Scandinavian Peninsula, Denmark is regarded as a Scandinavian country. Like in other Scandinavian countries the use of Christian names is quite common. Most Danish people are fluent in English. Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Denmark: 9 years of compulsory basic education at a primary school (Folkeskole), after which students can go on to secondary school (Gymnasium) (3 years leading to final secondary-school examinations qualifying for university entrance), vocational colleges or apprenticeship. Duration of apprenticeship: 3 years 7 months Basic vocational education: 10 - 60 weeks; trainees can choose between 7 different vocational fields (like production of foodstuffs, economics, trade and technology) Apprenticeship Training (Dual system): sandwich-type programmes in which training takes place alternately at the college and in the company. Apprentices’ final examination is usually taken after four years. Or: Fulltime school at a vocational college (economical college HHX or technical college HTX); Possible qualifications: Higher trade examination (HHX = Højere Handelseksamen) for those who seek employment in the business sector or Higher technical examination (HTX) for those who want to train for engineering. Conditions for entrance to these schools are rather strict. National Reference Point (NRP) for vocational qualifications in DK, National Europass Centre, Eurodesk Denmark Center for Vurdering af Udenlandske Uddannelser, Eurodesk Denmark, c/o Cirius A Fiolstræde 44 DK-1171 København K T +45 33 95 7000 F +45 33 95 7001 E eurodesk@ciriusmail.dk W www.ciriusonline.dk or www.cvuu.dk Foreign Ministry http://denmark.dk/portal On the website of the Danish Foreign Ministry you'll find information and links about study, work and life in Denmark. Work in Denmark www.workindenmark.dk supplies information around work in Denmark and reports on experiences from people from all over the world who work in Denmark. Offers also information about the Danish educational system. Arbejdsformidlingen The Danish Labour Office is called Arbejdsformidlingen. Website: www.af.dk. 2. Norway - Norge Country Profile: Country: Kongeriket Norge / Kingdom of Norway - NO / N Capital: Oslo (0.6 million; metropolitan area: 1 million) Other cities: Bergen, Trondheim, Stavanger Population: 4.7 million, whereof 95% Norwegian Currency: 1 Norwegian krone / crown (nkr, NOK) = 100 Øre; 1 ¬ = 8 nkr Language: Norwegian (two varieties: Bokmål and Nynorsk) Religions: 85% Lutheran, 5% no religion; others Protestant, Muslim, Catholic Further information: Since 1905 Norway is an independent kingdom (up till then union with Sweden). The country is not a member of the EU. Norway has a high per capita income on account of its sources of oil and gas. It’s the third biggest exporting country of oil worldwide. The unemployment rate is very low (5%). Manpower shortage in some areas like public health or engineering; Shortage of skilled staff in all crafts, especially woodworking and construction industry, therefore many foreign employees work in Norway. If you want to work in Norway, it’s an advantage to learn the language, though not always necessary. Mountainous Norway has a wide range of different dialects. Pupils have to learn two different varieties of Norwegian at school: Bokmål (which is similar to Danish) and Nynorsk. Norwegians are usually referred to as communicative and relaxed in manners. Like in other Scandinavian countries, people are mostly on first-name terms with one another, even students call their teachers by their Christian names. Most Norwegians speak English well. Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Norway: 10 years of primary school (grundskole, consisting of: 1-7: barneskole =childrens’ school, 8-10: ungdomsskole =youth’ school) after that 2-3 years of secondary education (videregående skole = continuing school): the general line (almenn linje, in former times called gymnasium) takes 3 years, at the same time there are different vocational lines (yrkesfaglig linje), that are part of VET, e.g. sale+service (salg og service), hotel and foodstuffs (hotell- og naeringsmiddelfag), mechanics (mekaniske fag). Training for one of the over 200 officially acknowledged trades takes 4 years: 2 years theoretical training at a secondary school, thereof one year general training, second year specialised training including practical training periods in a company, 2 years of apprenticeship in a company, i.e. practical training on the job. Examination after those four years leads to the skilled worker's certificate (fagbrev). Alternatives: 1 year school + 3 years apprenticeship or: 4 years apprenticeship in a company. These alternatives are, however, less frequent. In Norway, vocational education is guaranteed for everybody. Students finishing year 10 at the primary school have the right to a place at a secondary school. If the student has problems in finding a company for the apprenticeship, he/she is allowed to stay one year longer at the secondary school and take the final examinations there. Eurodesk Norway / National Office for Children, Youth and Family Affairs A P.O.Box 8113 Dep N-0030 OSLO T +47 24 04 40 23 F +47 24 04 40 41 E eurodesk@eurodesk.no W www.eurodesk.no Europass Norway, National Reference Point NRP Det Nasjonale Europassenteret i Norge E europass@udir.no W www.skolenettet.no (The schoolnet runs Europass as well as the National Reference Point) Norwegian embassies www.norway.info is the official website of Norway. Information about Norway, its embassies and so on is available in many European languages. Arbeids- og velferdsforvaltningen (NAV) The Norwegian Labour Office is called Arbeids- og velferdforvaltningen. Address on the Internet: www.nav.no. 3. Sweden - Sverige Country Profile: Country: Konungariket Sverige / Kingdom of Sweden - SE / S Capital: Stockholm (0.7 million, urban area 1.2 million) Other cities: Göteborg / Gothenburg, Malmö, Uppsala, Linköping Population: 9 million, whereof 90% Swedish, 3% Finnish; Sami, Iraqi Currency: 1 Swedish krona / crown (skr, SEK) = 100 Öre; 1¬ = 10 skr Language: Swedish (official language); Finnish, Samish Religions: 85% Lutheran; other Protestant, Catholic, Orthodox, Muslim Further information: Sweden is the biggest country in Scandinavia. Like Norway, it has an elongated shape and stretches over 1600 kilometres from Scania in the South to Norrbotten in the North. Sweden has a low population density (20 inhabitants per square kilometre). Over 80 percent of the population live in urban areas. Of the nine million Swedes, one million have a migration background. English is widely spoken. Like in other Scandinavian countries, the use of Christian names is quite common. Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Sweden: Compulsory school education: 9 years primary school (grundskola = basic school) Vocational education normally takes place as full-time instruction in schools. After finishing primary school, 98% of the students attend secondary school (gymnasieskola). These schools offer 17 different programmes, 14 of which aim at vocational education: Art, music, theatre (Estetiska programmet) Children and leisure time (Barn- och fritidsprogrammet) Construction (Byggprogrammet) Electronics (Elprogrammet) Energy (Energiprogrammet) Vehicles and transport (Fordonsprogrammet) Trade and Tourism (Handels- och administrationsprogrammet) Craft (Hantverksprogrammet) Hotel and Catering (Hotell- och restaurangprogrammet) Industry (Industriprogrammet) Food (Livsmedelsprogrammet) Media (Medieprogrammet) Forest, farming and environment (Naturbruksprogrammet) Nursing care (Omvårdnadsprogrammet) Though being part of VET, all these programmes offer general education: one third of the instruction consists of the so-called core-subjects (mathematics, Swedish, English etc.). The first year offers basic training. VET normally takes three years. Since 2002, Sweden offers an extended vocational training besides the vocational education at school, the Advanced Vocational Education AVE (kvalificerad yrkesutbildning KY). This training follows the dual approach with theoretical knowledge being obtained in courses and periods of practical training at the corresponding companies. Sandwich-type programmes in which training takes place alternately at the college and in the company are becoming more popular but still form an exception. NRP National Reference Point for vocational qualifications as well as Europass in Sweden Skolverket A Alströmergatan 12 SE-106 20 Stockholm T +46 - 8 - 527 332 00 F +46 - 8 - 24 44 20 E nrp@skolverket.se W www.senrp.se Eurodesk Sweden Centrum för Internationellt Ungdomsutbyte CIU A Ludvigsbergsgatan 22 S-118 23 Stockholm T +46 8 440 87 89 (Eurodesk help-line) E eurodesk@ciu.org W www.ciu.org and www.mytellus.com Ministry for Foreign Affairs Utrikesdepartementet A Gustav Adolf torg 1 S-103-39 Stockholm T +46 8 405 1000 F +46 8 405 1176 W www.swedenabroad.com (the official gateway to Sweden) www.sweden.se (see this site for diplomatic missions abroad) Arbetsförmedlingen The Swedish Job Centre’s (arbetsförmedlingen) website: www.ams.se. 4. Finland - Suomi / Finland Country Profile: Country: Suomen Tasavalta / Republic of Finland - FIN Capital: Helsinki / Helsingfors (population: 560 000; capital region including Espoo and Vantaa: 1.2 million) Other cities: Tampere / Tammerfors, Turku / Åbo, Oulu / Uleåborg Population: 5.2 million, whereof 93% Finnish, 6% Swedish-speaking Finnish, Sami (in Lapland) Currency: Euro Languages: Finnish and Swedish (both official languages) Religion: 85% Lutheran, 1% Finnish-Orthodox Further information: Finland is nearly as large as Germany, but has a much smaller population. The largest of the six Finnish regions is Lapland in the North with a population of less than 2 inhabitants per square kilometre; most people live in the southern regions. Finland borders on Sweden in the West, Norway in the North and Russia in the East. The Swedish-speaking Åland-islands (between Sweden and Finland) belong politically to Finland. The Finnish language is historically related to Hungarian (though modern-day Finnish and Hungarian are not at all mutually understandable) and closely related to Estonian. It’s one of the few languages in Europe that is not of Indo-European origin, but a member of the Finno-Ugric language family. Finland’s second official language is Swedish. The Swedish-speaking minority is living mostly in the coastal areas of southern, south-western and western Finland (as well as in and around Helsinki). English is compulsory at all schools. The Finnish way of communication - especially outside the bigger towns - sometimes makes foreigners feel uneasy, therefore some (general) hints: among the Finns, it is not considered impolite to remain silent in some situations where in other countries an effort at conversation would seem necessary. Small talk is not so common as elsewhere in Europe and often limited to the weather. Discussions and debates are often looked upon by Finns as unpleasant, whereas, for example, Germans would enjoy them. Emotions are usually not so easy to guess by the facial expression. Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Finland: Compulsory basic education: 9 years of primary school (peruskoulu = basic school) VET takes place either as full-time training at schools or, rarely, by way of an apprenticeship: Classroom Vocational Training at vocational schools (ammattikoulu), specialising in certain fields, such as mechanical engineering, trade, hotel and catering industry. Basic training courses in the first year, students specialise first in the second year. In addition to the theoretical training there is always practical work in school-owned workshops. After two or three years: Final examination as e.g. mechanic, welder, baker, businesswoman, electrician...; after two to five years: Higher diploma. Apprenticeship Training (oppisopimuskoulutus): vocational training in companies is regulated by law, the employer and the employee enter into a fixed-term epmployment agreement on training. After compulsory basic education at primary school, students can also move on to a vocational college. After three years they can get their final examination papers (e.g. as a welder) and leave the vocational college or they can study for a fourth year and do their final secondary-school examinations. After vocational school education, students can continue education and go on to study at an advanced technical college (ammattikorkeakoulu). There are, though not often, students who do not start Vocational Training until after their final secondary-school examinations. NRP National Reference Point for vocational qualifications in Finland + National Europass Centre Opetushallitus OPH Finnish National Board of Education A Kumpulantie 3 FIN-00520 Helsinki T +358 - 9 - 774 775 W www.oph.fi W www.oph.fi/europassi (National Europass Centre) Further information concerning school system in Finland: www.edu.fi. Eurodesk Finland CIMO Centre for International Mobility A P.O. Box 343 FIN-00531 Helsinki T +358 - 9 - 7747 7664 F +358 - 9 - 7747 7064 E eurodesk@cimo.fi W www.cimo.fi, http://finCountry.cimo.fi/ s.a. >practical training CIMO offers also information about internships, scholarships, studying, language classes, EU-Programmes as well as practical hints on search for accommodation or cost of living. Ministry For Foreign Affairs of Finland Ulkoasiainministeriö A Merikasarmi PL 176 FIN-00161 Helsinki T +358 - 9 – 160 05 W www.formin.finland.fi (see this site for diplomatic missions) www.finland.fi (offers information on Finland in English) Ministry of Labour The Ministry of Labour's (including the national Job Centre) website: www.mol.fi. 5. Estonia - Eesti Country Profile: Country: Eesti Vabariik / Republic of Estonia - EST / EE Capital: Tallinn / Reval (population:400 000, whereof 40% Russian) Other cities: Tartu, Narva, Kohtla-Järve, Pärnu Population: 1.3 million, whereof 65% Estonian, 30% Russian, besides Ukrainian, Belorusian, Finnish Currency: 1 Estonian kroon / crown (ekr, EEK) = 100 Senti; 1ˆ = 15 ekr Languages: Estonian (official Language), Russian Religions: 30% no religion; 10% Lutheran, 10% Estonian-Orthodox; Russian-Orthodox, Baptist, Catholic Further information: Like people in the other Baltic States, Estonians are very proud of their newly acquired independence since 1990/91. Estonia has land borders to the South with Latvian and to the East with Russia. Being the most northern of the three Baltic states, Estonia has close relationships (also economically) to the Scandinavian countries, especially Finland and Sweden. Estonia’s official language is Estonian, a Finno-Ugric language closely related to Finnish and one of the few languages in Europe that is not Indo-European. Russian is widespread especially in the Northeast, where the Russian speaking population predominates. English is compulsory at school, so in general communicating in English works well. Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Estonia: Estonia has big vocational school centres in Tartu, Narva, Haapsalu, Viljandi, Rakvere and Pärnu, as well as a couple of specialised schools in the capital city Tallinn. Sandwich-type programmes in which training takes place alternately at the college and in the company (dual system) are being tested in Estonia at a couple of vocational schools and may be established in all of Estonia from September 2007 on. This will be decided upon in May, 2007. 9 years of primary school (põhiharidus = basic education) are compulsory in Estonia. For students with problems in subjects of general education it is possible to go directly from primary school to apprenticeship. (KPB: kutseõpe põhi-hariduse baasil = VET on the basis of basic education), but this is rather an exception. Only 1/3 directly go on to vocational schools (kutseõppeasutus). The professional training at vocational schools takes three years (kutsekeskharidus = intermediate vocational education); there is a strong dominance of general education at secondary level (at least 40%). The VET ends up with a skilled worker’s certificate (kutseeksam) for occupations like cook or joiner. Two or three out of ten students take the final secondary-school examination qualifying for university admission on top of the kutseeksam. Some stay one year longer at school for this purpose. Normally, 2/3 of all pupils finishing primary school go on to secondary school (gümnaasium or keskkool = middle school) und take the final secondary-school examination (riigieksamid = state exams) there. Finishing VET with the skilled worker’s certificate (kutseeksam) in this case takes only 2 years (kutsekeskharidus keskkooli / gümnaasiumi baasil = intermediate VET on the basis of secondary school). It is also possible to do this kind of VET after finishing vocational school (if you have done both the skilled worker’s certificate and the final secondary-school examinations); In this case trainees may even get two professional trainings, for example in cooking and in business management. VET at higher education level (kutsekõrgharidus): With a good school-leaving certificate from either gümnaasium or kutsekeskharidus, pupils can after one or two years graduate from an advanced technical college (kutsekõrgkool or College) , e.g. as travel and tourism manager. Three examples: Young people who want to become a cook will normally attend vocational school directly after primary school. Young people who want to graduate in the hotel and catering trade will finish gümnaasium and attend vocational school only after that, as they need better language skills. Those who want to become travel and tourism managers and maybe set up their own business, will attend an advanced technical college. National Europass Centre Estonia Europassi Keskus A Pärnu mnt 142 EST-Tallinn T +372 - 679 17 -15 / -16 W www.europassikeskus.ee Eurodesk Estonia European Movement in Estonia A Estonia pst 5a (V floor) EST-10143 Tallinn T + 372 6 419 678 F + 372 6 306 616 E eurodeskee@eurodesk.eu W www.eurodesk.ee Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia Välisministeerium A Islandi väljak 1 EST-15049 Tallinn T + 372 6 377 -000 W www.vm.ee/estonia (general information) www.vm.ee/engl (including “Estonia’s Embassies on Internet”) 6. Latvia - Latvija Country Profile: Country: Latvijas Republika / Republic of Latvia - LV Capital: R+ga / Riga (Population: 750 000) Other cities: Daugavpils, Liepja, Jelgava Population: 2.3 million, whereof 60% Latvian, 30% Russian; Belorusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Lituanian Currency: 1 Lat/s (Ls, LVL) = 100 Santims; 1Æ = 0,7 Ls Language: Latvian (official language); Russian Religion: 55% Lutheran, 25% Catholic, 10% Russian-Orthodox, Jews Further information: Latvia is the middle one of the three Baltic states. It shares land borders with Estonia to the North and Lithuania to the South and both Russia and Belarus to the East. The Latvian language and its closest relative Lithuanian are the only remaining Baltic languages and belong, like most languages in Europe, to the Indo-European language family. Latvia has a high share of Russian-speaking population, especially in the capital Riga and in the region Latgale / Latgallia in the East of the country. Communication in English usually works well - especially with younger people. Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Latvia: After basic education (4 years of basic primary school + 5 years of basic school) pupils have the following possibilities: 3 years of secondary school ending with the final secondary-school examinations (atestats par visparejo videjo izglitibu = certificate of intermediate qualification). Then students can either go on to university or advanced technical colleges. Vocational education, where students get both a final secondary-school diploma and an occupation. There are different levels. Vocational Education and Training (VET) is offered at vocational schools (arodskolas = trade school) and vocational colleges (arodvidusskolas) for all sectors. Complementary to theoretical teaching, there are practical education units at school-owned workshops as well as in firms. Level 1: Three years of basic vocational education for students without basic school leaving certificate; qualifies for less-demanding jobs; at the same time it is possible to take the basic school exam. Level 2: Two to three years of vocational education; qualifies for skilled labour; leads to the atestats par arodizglitibu (=certificate of vocational education). It is possible to do another one or two additional years to level 3 (atestats par visparejo videjo izglitibu = certificate of intermediate qualification, which qualifies for studying at an advanced technical college.) Level 3: Four years (or one year when starting from level two) lead to the skilled worker’s certificate (diploms par profesionalo videjo izglitibu = diploma of vocational intermediate qualification). After four years of education it is possible to take the final secondary-school examinations, i.e. qualifying for university and advanced technical colleges. In addition to basic vocational schools and intermediate vocational schools there are also vocational colleges (arodgimnazija) and technical colleges (tehnikums) offering a four-year education on level 3. This training covers not only vocational aspects, but also provides general skills such as organisation of work. There are also specialized trade schools (tirdzniecibas skolas) for professions like cook, shop assistants, waiters / waitresses, merchants as well as nursery schools (medicinas koled~as = medical college) for doctor s assistants and nurses. National Europass Centre in Latvia Nacionlais Europass centrs A Valnu iel 2 LV - 1050 R+ga T +371 7358 235 F +371 7221 006 E europass@aic.lv W www.aic.lv/europass Eurodesk in Latvia National Agency of Latvia Eurodesk Service A Merkela 11-518 LV - 1050 R+ga T +371 722 1875 F +371 735 8060 E eurodesklv@eurodesk.eu W www.eurodesk.lv Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia Latvijas Republikas rlietu ministrija A Br+v+bas bulv. 36 LV - 1395 R+ga T +371 7016 - 201 F +371 7828 - 121 E mfa.cha@mfa.gov.lv W www.am.gov.lv/en/ (Embassies etc:>about the ministry >diplomatic missions) Latvian Chamber of Commerce Latvijas Tirdzniecibas un rupniecibas kamera A Kr. Valdemara Str. 35, LV-1010 R+ga T +371 72 25 595 F +371 78 20 092 W www.chamber.lv with branches in Jelgava, Valmiera, Csis, Daugavpils, Liepja, Rzekne and Ventspils. Latvian Chamber of Crafts Latvijas Amatniecibas kamera A Amatu Str. 5 LV-1050 R+ga T +371 72 13 007 F +371 72 13 927 W www.lak.lv 7. Lithuania - Lietuva Country Profile: Country: Lietuvos Respublika / Republic of Lithuania - LT Capital: Vilnius (population: 540 000) Other cities: Kaunas, Klaipeda, Šiauliai Population: 3.4 million, whereof 85% Lithuanian, 7% Polish, 6% Russian; Belorusian, Ukrainian, German Currency: 1 Litas (Lt, LTL) = 100 Centas; 1ˆ = 3,5 Lt Languages: Lithuanian (official language); Russian, Polish, Belorusian Religion: 80% Catholic; Protestant, Russian-Orthodox, Jewish Further information: Lithuania shares borders with Latvia to the North, Belarus to the Southeast, Poland and the Russian exclave of the Kaliningrad oblast to the Southwest. The Lithuanian language and its closest relative Latvian are the only remaining Baltic Languages. Lithuanian still retains many of the original features of the Indo-European ancestor language and is therefore studied by many linguists. Communication in English usually works. The unemployment rate is quite high - 20% in some cities. Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Lithuania: VET takes place only at schools, supplemented with practical training. In addition to vocational schools (profesines mokyklos) there are huge vocational education centres (profesinio mokymo central) in Lithuania, where you can train for different professions as well as technical colleges (specializuotos profesionio mokymo istaigos) that are specialized in certain trades (e.g. school of hotel management). Compulsory basic education: 10 years (till the age of 16) (1-4 primary school, 5-10 secondary school) Vocational schools have a four-stage tuition system leading to vocational qualification (profesine kvalifikacija) Stage 1: Vocational basic education (pradsinis (bazinis) profesinis ugdymas). This education is for students (from age 14 on, usually after the 8th year of school) that have no basic education and want to acquire vocational qualification, e.g. as bricklayer. Duration: 2-3 years. It is possible for students to acquire the basic school-leaving certificate. Stage 2: Intermediate vocational education (vidurinis profesinis ugdymas). Duration: 3 years. This education is for students with lower secondary education (usually after the 10th year of school) who want to acquire vocational qualification, e.g. cook, joiner, hairdresser. Stage 3: Intermediate vocational education (vidurinis profesinis ugdymas). Duration: 4 years. (age: 15-20). Stage 3 is intended for students, who not only want to acquire vocational qualification but who also want to take the final secondary-school examinations. Students can then go on to study (technologines studijo = technical studies) at an advanced technical college (aikstoji mokykla) or higher secondary education (aukstesnioji mokykla). Stage 4: VET with upper secondary school education (povidurinis profesinis ugdymas). This education is intended for students with final secondary-school diploma who want to acquire vocational qualification, too. Age: 18-19. Duration: 1-2 years. This initial vocational education (pagrindinis profesinis rengimas) can be followed by a continous vocational training (testinis profesinis mokymas), which is provided at a variety of institutions (vocational schools, higher education establishments, courses organised by enterprises and firms, private courses, etc.), as well as a higher vocational education (aukstesnysis profesinis rengimas), that is obtained in collages. AIKOS at the Lituanian Ministery of Education and Science www.aikos.smm.lt offers information concerning qualified jobs as well as a survey of all vocational schools („Education and Science Institutions“). NRP Lithuania, Europass Lithuania Education Exchanges Support Foundation A Gelezinio Vilko 12 LT-01112 Vilnius T +370 - 5 - 24 966 -02 F +370 - 5 - 24 966 -04 E europass@smpf.lt W www.europass.lt Eurodesk in Lithuania Lithuanian Youth Council (LiJOT) A Didzioji 8/5 LT-01128 Vilnius T +370 - 5 – 279 1280 F +370 - 5 – 279 1014 E eurodesklt@eurodesk.eu W www.lijot.lt Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania Lietuvos Respublikos U~sienio Reikals Ministerija (URM) A I. Tumo-Vai~ganto g. 2 LT-01511 Vilnius W www.urm.lt Association of the Chambers of Industry, Commerce and Crafts of Lithuania A J.Tumo-Vai~ganto g. 9/1-63a LT-01108 Vilnius T + 370 - 5 261 21 02 F + 370 - 5 261 21 12 E info@chambers.lt 8. Poland - Polska Country Profile: Country: Rzeczpospolita Polska / Republic of Poland - PL Capital: Warszawa / Warsaw (population: 1.7 million, metropolitan area: 2.4 million) Other cities: Lódz, Kraków, Wroclaw Population: 38 million, whereof 99% Polish; German, Ukrainian, Belorusian; Currency: ZBoty (ZB, PLN) = 100 Groszy; 1 ¬ = 4 ZB Language: Polish Religions: 95% Roman-Catholic; Eastern Orthodox, Protestant Further information: Poland is bordered by Germany to the West, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the South, Ukraine and Belarus to the East, Lithuania and the Russian exclave of the Kaliningrad oblast to the North. As the unemployment rate is rather high, many people leave the country to find work abroad. The population in Poland is quite homogeneous. Polish is one of the Slavic languages and well known for its many sibilants that may be hard to pronounce for foreigners. English is compulsory at all Polish schools, so that communication with people under 40 is usually no problem. Elderly people are often not fluent in English, but may be so in German. Foreigners sometimes find the Polish hospitality slightly overwhelming. They are afraid to say ‘no’, because the hosts might be offended and think that the food isn’t good enough. “No, thank you” is fine for an answer when asked for the first time; in contrast to other countries, you will be offered food at least a second time. Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Poland: Compulsory basic education in Poland: 6 years of primary school (szkola podstawowa) plus 3 years middle school (gimnazjum). After that pupils can either go to the general secondary school (Lycea) and take final secondary-school examinations after three years; Pupils not planning to attend university have the following possibilities: 2-3 years of basic vocational school (zasadnicza szkola zawodowa - ZSZ) to get a qualified-worker’s certificate; maybe two years of technikum on top of it. or: 5 years technikum, which will give a vocational certificate as well as a final secondary-school graduation diploma; aimed at technical and agricultural trades. or: 3-4 years vocational lycea (liceum profilowane); which is suitable for non-technical occupations; lead to the final secondary-school graduation diploma and a basic vocational education. or: 3-4 years technical lycea (liceum techniczne LT), which offers a wide range of basic vocational education and ends with the final secondary-school examinations. To acquire vocational education after passing the final secondary-school examinations is possible either at post-lyceum schools (szkoly policealne) or at technika (shortened education leading to skilled workers’ certificate). It is also widespread to continue vocational education at the weekends while already working (even via Internet). This way it is possible to acquire further education (like gimnazjum or final secondary-school leaving graduation diploma); anyway, it is not possible to acquire qualified vocational education this way. Eurodesk Poland A ul. Mokotowska 43, IV p PL-00-551 Warszawa T +48 - 22 622 66 70, 801134001 F +48 - 22 622 80 81 E eurodesk@eurodesk.pl W www.eurodesk.pl Europass Poland Fundacja “Fundusz Wspolpracy” Biuro Koordinacji k sztalcenia Kadr A ul. Gornoslaska 4a PL-00-444 Warszawa T +48 - 22 45 09 857 F +48 - 22 45 09 856 W www.bkkk-cofund.org.pl Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland Website: www.mfa.gov.pl/ (including Polish missions abroad) National Rescource Centre for Vocational Guidance www.nrcgkowez.edu.pl/index_eng.htm is the Website of the European careers guidance office in Warsaw. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland www.mfa.gov.pl/ (including Polish missions abroad) Labour Office Polish Labour Office in the Internet: www.praca.gov.pl (in Polish). 9. Germany - Deutschland Country Profile: Country: Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD) / Federal Republic of Germany - D, DE Capital: Berlin (population: 3.4 million) Other cities: Hamburg, München / Munich, Köln / Cologne, Frankfurt am Main, Stuttgart Population: 83 million, whereof 90% German, 2%Turkish; Italian, Serbian, Greek, Polish, Croatian Currency: Euro Language: German Religions: 30% Roman Catholic (mostly in the South and West), 30% Protestant (mostly in the North and East), 4% Muslim Further information: Germany is the most populated country in the European Union (density: 230 inhabitants per square kilometre). It is a federal republic of sixteen states (the Bundesländer, e.g. Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia). Located in Western-Central Europe, Germany has nine neighbouring countries: It is bordered on in the North by Denmark, in the East by Poland and the Czech Republic, in the South by Austria and Switzerland, in the West by France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands. Germany is the world's largest exporter of goods, and the world's second largest importer of goods. English is compulsory at all schools. Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Germany: In Germany there are 348 officially recognised occupations requiring VET. Note: Germany being a Federal Republic, education and school systems vary in the different states. The following system is widespread, though: Compulsory education till the age of 15 4 years of basic education (Grundschule = basic school). Then students have the following possibilities: 8 years of higher secondary school (Gymnasium) leading to the final secondary-school examination qualifying for university admission (Abitur=Allgemeine Hochschulreife). or: 6 years of intermediate secondary school (Realschule) leading to intermediate qualification (Realschulabschluss). It is supposed to prepare students for trade, technical and administrative professions. or: 5 years of lower secondary school (Hauptschule) leading to basic school-leaving certificate (Hauptschulabschluss). The Hauptschule is supposed to prepare mainly practically oriented students for craft professions. 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The dual vocational training system combines part-time vocational school with practical work experience: Vocational training in companies is regulated by law, the employer and the apprentice enter into a fixed-term employment agreement for the purpose of training. During this time the apprentice works for example 4 days a week for the enterprise and spends an additional day in a vocational school (Berufsschule) to be trained in background knowledge. Apprenticeship training (Lehre) is common not only for classical trades such as plumber, baker, glazier, but also for sales-assistants etc. Qualification: skilled worker’s certificate (berufsqualifizierender Abschluss, usually Gesellenbrief (Journeyman’s Certificate) or Facharbeiterbrief (Certificate of Proficiency)). Full-time vocational schools (sometimes including periods of on-the-job training) lead to qualification in occupations where the Dual System is not at hand or not suitable, e.g. technical or commercial assistance and professions involving social studies and medicine/health service. Depending on the state, there are several types of full-time vocational schools, e.g. Berufsfachschulen BFS and Fachoberschulen FOS. Continuing vocational training: Various forms. Examples for typical occupations taken up by students with the various school leaving qualifications: Final secondary-school diploma qualifying for university admission: e.g. bank clerk Intermediate secondary-school leaving certificate: e.g. medical assistant Basic secondary-school leaving certificate: e.g. hairdresser No basic secondary-school leaving certificate: e.g. bricklayer NRP - National Reference Point for Transparency of Vocational Qualifications in Germany c/o Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) A Robert-Schuman-Platz 3 D-53175 Bonn T +49 228 107 16 08 F +49 228 107 29 64 W www.bibb.de/redaktion/zeugnisinfo/ (in German, English and French) Eurodesk Germany c/o Internationaler Jugendaustausch- und Besucherdienst der BRD (IJAB) e.V. A Godesberger Allee 142-148 D-53175 Bonn T +49 228 95062 06 (Hotline) W www.eurodesk.de Europass Germany Nationale Agentur Bildung für Europa beim Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) Nationales Europass Center (NEC) A Robert-Schuman-Platz 3 53175 Bonn T +49 228 107-1645, -1649 or -1644 E europass@bibb.de W www.europass-info.de German Foreign Ministry Auswärtiges Amt A Werderscher Markt 1 D-10117 Berlin T 030 - 5000-0 F 030 - 5000-3402 W www.auswaertiges-amt.de (List of embassies: >adresses >German missions abroad) Labour Office The German Labour Office (Arbeitsagentur) in the Internet: www.arbeitsagentur.de d÷œ÷ë÷øø*ø?ø†ø‡øˆø™øçøùù1ùDùEùFùWùËùåùòù*úýòòãòòòòòòòòòòòòòýÔòòÁ$ ƍ„„sþ€^„`„sþa$$ ƍ„Ѐ^„Ða$$ ƍР~€a$ $ ƍ€a$*úBúCúDú]úoú†ú—úšúŒúûûûûpûqûrûôôôìììììììôôôôìô ƍ€ $ ƍ€a$2ÒÔÿhxÿhxÿhxÿhxÿhxÿhxÿhxÿhxÿhx‚§ðo§ð·ðo§ð·ðo§ð‚P8Ò$ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿAPBP°Ð/ °à=!°"°# $ %°°Ð°Ð Ð†œL@ñÿL Standard5$7$8$9DH$_HmH sH tHh@h Überschrift 1$ ƍ€@& 5B*CJOJQJmH phsH n@n Überschrift 2$$ ƍ€@&a$ 5B*CJOJQJmH phsH 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