• Regional Youth Council Schleswig-Holstein
• Baltic Youth Office
• Baltic Times
• Norden

• Partner

• 
• Union of the Baltic Cities
• 
• Commission on Youth Issues
• 
• BSSSC
• 
• Baltic Sea Net

• Council of the
  Baltic Sea States

Meeting 9-10 October 2007 in Riga

Tuesday, 9th of October

15:00 Opening of meeting

• Welcoming speech – by chairman of WGYA Mr. Andris Grafs, Ministry for Children and Family Affairs, Latvia

Chair Mr. Andris Grafs opens the meeting at 15:00 o’clock. He welcomes the participants and expresses his gratitude to Sweden as former chair, to the Baltic Sea Secretariat for Youth Affairs, he further greets as guests and observers: The Baltic Sea States Sub-Regional Co-operation (BSSSC), the Union of the Baltic Cities (UBC), the Finish National Youth Council Allianssi and Sandra Martinsone as representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia.

• Priorities of the Latvian Presidency of the CBSS - by Sandra Martinsone, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Latvia

Ms. Martinsone explains the three priority areas of the Latvian presidency of the CBSS with education in focus and as priority goal. The project “Euro Faculty” is of importance, and education and higher education are essential sectors. To strengthen the competitiveness of higher education is a central goal. Young people are a source of inspiration for the society. She invites the WGYA to act on a sustainable and competitive basis as one of the CBSS working bodies. Latvia’s second goal is energy, especially renewable energy. The third priority is civil security with work against corruption and against “trafficking in human beings”. A special event is the project “Balticness” to strengthen the awareness of the Baltic Sea region in itself and to develop regional aspects. People should be aware of the things in common around the Baltic Sea. The project is a “travelling event” with university round table discussions, synergy effects between public and academic spheres, a photo competition from photos “where the Baltic Sea and people meet” making a “travelling photo exhibition” and jazz concerts with Latvian musicians playing together with other musicians from the Baltic Sea region.
Ms. Martinsone further introduces ideas for a reform of the CBSS. Redefining priorities of the CBSS is essential. An evaluation of the current co-operation is going to be done by the national governments with the aim to re-define the priorities of CBSS’ work. Further questions are funding mechanisms, project implementations and project awareness. She underlines the importance of establishing contacts between the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and the Ministries responsible for Youth Policy in the CBSS member states.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen from Norway questions about the CBSS reform: The Committee of Senior Officials (CSO) needs to have a more active part in each of the member countries. His recommendations are to improve the contacts with the colleagues in the foreign ministries and make them aware that the youth ministries do need the actual information at home. The CBSS’ work is concentrated on the work of the foreign ministries, but there are activities by the different ministries. The respective ministries should work and co-operate for this reason more closely. Work in the youth and child sector is to a very large degree initiated by the respective ministries, it later became recognized by the CSO. The same phenomenon can be seen in the “Working Group on Children at Risk”: There is an administrative level, a secretarial level and a political level existing in it. He recommends CBSS reforms should be done in consideration with the respective Working Groups and asks who “owns” the CBSS? If the CBSS is “owned by the Ministries of Foreign Affairs”, then there is the problem of responsibility for the different CBSS co-operations.

Sandra Martinsone underlines that all countries are asked to contribute to the CBSS and to reforms with their proposals. They are invited to take initiatives and to do consultations with the existing Working Groups and their Chairs. The overall responsibility should be given to the governments and to prime minister’s offices. It is the responsibility of the national governments to define this responsibility further. She underlines that a consultation process on the reform process will be secured.

Andris Grafs welcomes the WGYA to contribute to the evaluation and to the reports.

An introduction to all participants follows.

15:45 Informative part

• Adoption of agenda

Björn Jaaberg Hansen asks for the countries absent. Andris Grafs explains the difficulties in getting in contact with Denmark (but financial contribution and a letter were received), with Poland (but financial contribution was received) and with Russia (but a confirmation on the financial contribution “in kind” and letter was received). Björn Jaaberg Hansen reflects then on the question of having one meeting of the WGYA a year. He further mentions that Russia reorganized its ministry responsible for youth affairs.
The agenda is then adopted by the WGYA.

• Adoption of the minutes from the WGYA meeting in Stockholm, November 2006.
  

The minutes were sent out on March 14 and are accepted by the WGYA.

• Information about the Meeting of the WGYA Executive Group in Kiel, May 2007, Report from Executive group

Michael Haglund from Sweden as former Chair of the WGYA refers to meeting of the Executive Group in Kiel in May. This was needed as Latvia was joining the WGYA in spring 2007: “We touched the discussions on the reform of the CBSS. We had a report to the CSO and a discussion on the report and Work Plan of the WGYA. The system of quarterly financial reports was appreciated. We took the decisions to support the UBC and the BSSSC conferences. The first with 5300 Euro and the second with 600 Euro”. As those two organizations are mentioned in the WGYA’s Work Plan there was good reason to support those two events.

Seija Astala from Finland asks if there is a model existing for granting projects and the respective procedure. All member states should be informed before bigger amounts of money are given to special projects. She suggests establishing specific guidelines for the support of projects. She complains that the report on this support is coming very late.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen questions which principles exist for a potential surplus in the WGYA budgets. He thought that those questions should have been clarified in the reports of the Executive Group as the question of surpluses was discussed before the Executive Group meeting in Kiel. On the WGYA meeting in Stockholm, the group discussed if it would be possible to donate some parts of the surpluses to the Baltic Youth Foundation.

Uwe Finke-Timpe from Germany underlines that the WGYA budget should be used respectfully.

Andris Grafs explains that - concerning the material sent out in preparation - time lines should be improved. He underlines the importance of the Executive Group taking decisions and asks for suggestions for guidelines of granting projects.

Jens-Peter Jensen from the Regional Youth Council Schleswig-Holstein explains that the money was used respectfully and that it was possible to reduce the surplus from 2004/05 significantly.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen wants the Executive Group discussing these items and solving the question of potential surpluses.

Michael Haglund points out that it was not possible to give money to the Baltic Youth Foundation due to the budget regulations in some of the WGYA member countries.

• Report from the Baltic Sea Secretariat for Youth Affairs by Helge Hellberg

Helge Hellberg reports that monthly reports have been sent out in time, he further gives a short report on the implementation of the WGYA Work Plan 2006 – 2008.

Andris Grafs questions definitions of partnership: “What can we give to other structures in the Baltic Sea region?” It is needed that the experience of Voluntary Work is expressed and valuated carefully. He sees the WGYA as a concrete platform for actions concerning youth work. The WYGA could give information to the EU on volunteerism. He asks if the WGYA wants to share ideas and interests for example on youth entrepreneurship. The flow of information into other structures is important, too. What is the role of the WGYA in this information, could it be results on research of youth entrepreneurship - such results could be published on the web pages of the Secretariat and the WGYA.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen appreciates the work of the Secretariat and its monthly Work Reports. He detects one problem in the fact that the non-governmental sector is not coming up with ideas, more information is needed here. More information about the different partners in the Baltic Sea region could be spread. The Secretariat will then function more as an adviser for the different ways of co-operations and work structures.

Andris Grafs says that the WGYA supports projects of the “special participants” of the CBSS. Concerning questions of reforms of the CBSS, they should be discussed within the WGYA.

Jens-Peter Jensen refers to the budget 2006 and explains the tables of 2006. The budget has been sent out to the WGYA and was introduced to the WGYA then. The Executive Group agreed on it at the meeting in Kiel in May. The Executive Meeting appreciated the budget 2006. He then comes to the budget 2007 to which all countries contributed. The second part of the German contributions will come in October.

Jens-Peter Jensen refers to the detailed costs in 2007. He explains the separate items according to the WGYA budget 2007. He explains that the money will be used in total in 2007 and that some parts of the benefits not spend from 2005 will be used, too.

Work Plan and budget

• Discussions on budget of 2007 and 2008 presented by Jens-Peter Jensen, Secretary General of the Regional Youth Council Schleswig-Holstein

BUDGET 2006
Jens-Peter Jensen informs that quarterly financial reports have been sent out to the Executive Group. The budget 2006 was then accepted on the meeting of the Executive Group in May.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen wants the Executive Group sending out a yearly report with information. He wants documentation on how the money was spent and asks for a specific declaration of the question of surplus of 2005. He asks for a copy of the audit report for 2006 as a basis for the decisions and he underlines that this material is needed for the audit in the ministry in Norway.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen proposes the WGYA accepting that 6.472,68 Euro was given back to Germany BMFSFJ in 2006.

Ardo Rohtla asks how the money was used for UBC and BSSSC in 2006. Jens-Peter Jensen explains shortly how the money was used for those two co-operations in 2006.

Andris Grafs underlines that the budgets should be used in total on a yearly basis. He suggests a deadline for the contributions coming in, asking to transfer the money latest in early spring every year. He suggests the Secretariat then coming up with some concrete projects.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen agrees that we “might need some guidelines and deadlines”. The Regional Youth Council is sending out early in every year the invoices to all the ministries, based on the agreement of the WGYA in 2005. It is then the question of transferring the money in time to the Landesjugendring until end of March every year.

The WGYA agrees that the financial contributions should come in until end of March in every year. This should be mentioned as recommendation in the letters of the Landesjugendring sent out with the invoices in every January to all members of the WGYA.

The WGYA agrees on the budget 2006. An audit report for 2006 should be sent out to the ministries.

BUDGET 2007
Uwe Finke-Timpe underlines that surpluses should be avoided. Jens-Peter Jensen explains the budget of 2007 and mentions that the budget will be used in total.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen agrees that deficit can be covered by the surplus of the previous years. He further would prefer a formal procedure to handle the budgets in future. The mandate should be given to the Executive Group to decide on the budget, when the budget of 2007 is clear.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen asks for the salaries of the employee in the Secretariat concerning an additional Christmas wage.

Jens-Peter Jensen explains that there is an additional Christmas wage in Germany paid to employees.

The WGYA agrees that the Executive Group will receive the final budget of the previous year and the audit report in March, April of each year. It then will agree on it. The procedure for a possible rest of the surplus will be discussed, too.

The WGYA agrees on the budget of 2007 as sent out in the preparation material.

BUDGET 2008
Seija Astala asks for the new separate project line of “Internship at the WGYA Baltic Sea Secretariat for Youth Affairs”. She suggests the WGYA discussing internship projects for the Work Plan.

Uwe Finke-Timpe asks if it is needed to split up the budget into two different lines when it comes to co-operation with UBC, BSSSC, BYF and the travel costs, activities.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen asks to delete the “etc” after the budget line “UBC, BSSSC etc.”

Björn Jaaberg Hansen agrees that the Executive Group can change some of the parts of the budget in 2008, when small and minor changes should be needed.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen sees it as a good idea that the Baltic Youth Forum will utilize the Russian contribution to the WGYA’s budget in 2007. For 2008 he expects the WGYA making proposals for what action to use the Russian contributions in kind.

Concerning the question of a possible support to the European Youth Parliament in Stockholm 2008 the WGYA decides that this question is going to be discussed by the Executive Group.

The WGYA accepts the budget plan for 2008 as suggested proposal with Björn’s remarks added.

18:30 Co-operation
Baltic Sea Working Group on Youth Affairs cooperation with other institutions and structures, strategic partners

• Report from the co-operation with BSSSC, by Malgorzata Ludvizek, Chairperson of the BSSSC-Working Group on Youth Policy - please see material attached to the minutes.

Jari-Pekka from Allianssi, the National Youth Council of Finland, asks for more contacts between the WGYA and the BSSSC ad-hoc Working Group on Youth Affairs. The national level should take national issues into consideration. The regional level takes the regional issues into consideration. On the local level local initiatives are responsible.
Björn Jaaberg Hansen asks for the Norwegian participants in the BSSSC, how and through which ways the youth participants are contacted and through which channels common ideas could be established. He further asks for Baltic youth organizations as partners of BSSSC.
Malgorzata Ludvizek mentions the possibility of co-operation with the Baltic Youth Forum and its members and explains that BSSSC enjoys a close co-operation with local and regional youth initiatives for example in Western Pomerania. Young people are involved and represented in the BSSSC youth work, for the delegation of young people it is the responsibility of the respective regions to nominate them.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen asks for a copy of the BSSSC presentation.

• Report from the National Youth Councils of the Baltic Sea region, by Jari-Pekka Kaleva, Member of the board of Allianssi, the National Youth Council of Finland

Jari-Pekka Kaleva gives information about the recent developments in the Baltic Youth Forum where the National Youth Councils of Sweden and Denmark (LSU and DUF) are skeptical towards a continuation of the co-operation. He underlines the importance of the Baltic Youth Forum as a platform for co-operation for the St. Petersburg Round Table on Youth and Children NGO’s and the Kaliningrad Round Table. He refers to the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC) in Berlin, August 2007. He underlines the importance of youth organizations in the Baltic Sea region. Possible surpluses of the WGYA could be used for the support of youth initiatives and youth structures in the Baltic Sea region. The different organizations should co-operate more closely. For youth groups there are often obstacles for finding support such as a challenging bureaucracy for applying for money and a lack of special policies for disadvantaged minorities.

Nathalie Stockwell underlines the importance of the “open method of co-ordination” influencing the local and regional youth policy.

Wednesday, 10th of October

09:00 Co-operation (2nd part)
Baltic Sea Working Group on Youth Affairs cooperation with other institutions and structures, strategic partners

• Report from the co-operation with UBC, by Vilis Bruveris, Kalmar

Seija Astala recommends promoting the EU- “Youth in Action” Programme in the following steps of the project.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen thanks for the very impressive presentation. He asks for the financing of the different UBC Commissions, he further suggests using the EVS as a tool and considering the possibility of having a European Volunteer at the Secretariat. He asks for the outcomes of the conference and for perspectives of common projects, especially for common projects done by the young people themselves.

Vilis Bruveris answers that the UBC is having a participation fee, with the rule that “bigger cities pay bigger fees, and small cities pay smaller fees”. The funding of the UBC commission’s work is done out of this budget. He further underlines the possibilities of EVS in the “EVS in the Baltic Sea region” project as part of the UBC project “Different History - Common Future”.

Nathalie Stockwell from the EU-Commission underlines the difference of an “Internship” and the “EVS”, explaining that “there has to be a project when you want to do an EVS, it is not a substitute for work force.”

Greta Juul from BSSSC thanks for the presentation and underlines the importance of more networking between UBC, BSSSC and WGYA.

Seija Astala asks for the procedure of Micro-Projects funding in the project.

Vilis Bruveris explains the possibilities of the Micro-Project support, which was established among many other important ideas and contributions by the Baltic Sea Secretariat for Youth Affairs as part of the project.

Nathalie Stockwell points out that it is necessary to get the respective structures together. She explains, that there should be action on the local level, where local people meet, they should exchange ideas and bring them up to the regional, then to the national and to the European level. This is meant by the “Structured Dialogue” as a concept. She is happy about the networks on local level and sees possibilities for the Swedish presidency of the EU in 2009 in connection with the UBC project. The idea of interlinking the city level with the regional and the national level is going along well with Action 5.1 in the new “Youth in Action” Programme. The UBC project is a good example of a structured dialogue for local, regional and EU – level.

Discussion on WGYA cooperation with institutions and structures in Baltic sea region

The WGYA discusses the Work Plan 2006 to 2008.

Greta Juul from BSSSC thanks for inviting the structures to the WGYA meeting. She mentions that “Trafficking in Human Beings” could be of common interest.

Vilis Bruveris from UBC suggests a web-based discussion platform offering a meeting place in between the different conferences. He asks for the general interest of the WGYA to be included there.

Greta Juul and Malgorzata Ludvizek see advantages when the respective structures would meet regular.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen is amazed “by the fact that the CBSS is there, the BSSSC and the UBC”. He suggests having a common meeting between the “BSSSC Working Group on Youth Policy”, the “UBC Commission on Youth” and the WGYA. This should be realized as a conference with a broader attendance, giving starting points to work on practical issues. For the co-operation in the field of “Trafficking in Human Beings” he sees this as being in the responsibility of the CBSS “Task Force on Trafficking in Human Beings” and on the “Working Group on Children at Risk”.

Michael Haglund asks for thematic priorities of the WGYA. He underlines that the work force of the Secretariat is limited.

10:30 Discussion on priorities for 2008 and budget for 2008

Discussion on thematic priorities

Andris Grafs informs about the priorities of the Latvian Chairmanship period: Volunteerism, Youth Entrepreneurship and Youth Research.

He welcomes Björn Jaaberg Hansen’s idea of a structured dialogue between UBC, BSSSC and the WGYA in 2008 and 2009.

Michael Haglund recommends keeping the proposals for reforms of the CBSS in mind.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen asks for the necessity of reforming the WGYA as part of the CBSS. He describes the history of the WGYA with the Finnish initiative to establish a Working Group and a Secretariat without the ministries of foreign affairs involved in the discussions before or after 1999. But it would be important to stay in contact with the CBSS to get more information.

Uwe Finke-Timpe mentions that his ministry already has been asked by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Germany to give some ideas for reforms of the CBSS structures. The process of reforming the CBSS’ structures is therefore already running since the initiative of Sweden started.

Seija Astala says the WGYA is satisfied with the work of the Secretariat. She suggests that some of the member states should give some more input to some specific ideas and to some structures.

Michael Haglund asks how this could work then.

Andris Grafs describes that he wants the WGYA as a platform for information exchange.

Michael Haglund agrees that an exchange of information is really important, national reports should therefore be handed in to the Secretariat.

Helge Hellberg sees good progress in the WGYA’s work during the last two years. Latvia is now a new member in the WGYA and took over the chair in July, Russia offers to contribute to the budget with a contribution in kind and Denmark promises to join the WGYA and take over the chair in 2008/09.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen says that there are very few countries existing having special measuring tools for the Baltic Sea region, for that reason the UBC and the BSSSC are important, because they have this knowledge. He expects more actions from the NGO sector with a bigger amount of NGO actions for the Baltic Sea region.

Ardo Rohtla appreciates the Work of the Secretariat and asks for more general commitment in the WGYA. He would appreciate a feeling of co-operation between the WGYA members. He suggests choosing one of the priorities and to see how to react concretely on this.

Uwe Finke-Timpe mentions that the Executive Group has not numerically prioritized the points of the Work Plan on the meeting in Kiel. He would regret if this impression would persist out of the meeting of the Executive Group. The WGYA has “limited resources and a lot of projects and ideas from the Work Plan”. Therefore it is needed that “the WGYA should concentrate on a specific question” with every country contributing to it. It could be possible to focus on one issue and establish for example a project competition on this. There could be information part in the WGYA and at the same time a concrete project support.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen finds it difficult to define a certain priority; he says that the Work Plan is important in all aspects. He suggests if needed then concentrating on people-to-people contacts. He further detects the Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Group in Kiel in May as easily to be misunderstood in the point of a “graduation of the Work Plan”.

Seija Astala agrees with Uwe Finke-Timpe and with Björn Jaaberg Hansen, but she sees as some parts in the WGYA Work Plan overlapping.

Sandra Jancauskaite asks how actions could be visible. She would support a certain field of action for every WGYA chairmanship.

Ardo Rohtla underlines that the Work Plan is covering all aspects of the WGYA’s work in a separate way.

Jens-Peter Jensen says that in his view there is a priority existing within the Work Plan.

Seija Astala disagrees with him. All the topics of the Work Plan should be treated equally.

Michael Haglund explains that the Executive Group has been discussing the fulfillment of the Work Plan at its meeting in Kiel.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen sees the tasks of the Executive Group in preparing ideas for the implementation of the Work Plan. He mentions that the WGYA should stay in contact with youth researchers and should communicate with them.

Uwe Finke-Timpe sees that the WGYA has only a small amount of money for support of a certain projects.

Andris Grafs describes the difficulty of how to focus the work of the Secretariat and how to focus the work of the WGYA.

Seija Astala mentions the youth researcher MATTI PAKKUNEN, who recently published a study on youth entrepreneurship in Finland; she suggests inviting him for a visit and a presentation to the WGYA.

Andris Grafs repeats the idea to bring the different actors of youth work in the Baltic Sea region together: 2009 a joint meeting with the CBSS special participants and the WGYA.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen wants a meeting of the WGYA and the youth commissions of the UBC and of the BSSSC in 2008/09 and to have this as a basis of the co-operation. He then mentions Denmark’s priorities according to the letter received: “Youth, Citizenship and Climate. This should be kept in mind, too.”

Andris Grafs underlines that the work of the Secretariat is welcomed by the WGYA. He would focus actions of the WGYA with involving existing structures, starting from the Youth Councils up to national level.

Lise Grette from Norway wants to put some “purpose on youth, who are not organized in a democratic way. The question of how to include youth with no organizational background” seems to be important to her: “How can we include unorganized youth in a democratic way?” She could think “to spend some money to have somebody looking into this question”. She suggests giving the task to the Secretariat to get in contact with the Nordic Youth Researchers Network as part of NORDBUK and to combine the Baltic Sea region and the WGYA with the Nordic structures. She further asks about more information about the Finnish research Seja Astala mentioned.

Seija Astala answers that there are a lot of different youth action groups in Finland existing with new forms of citizenship and new forms of youth initiatives growing.

Jari-Pekka Kaleva describes advantages of internet possibilities and of meeting places like “second life”, which become a virtual reality for the contacts of young people, many of them not organized in youth organizations.

Andris Grafs points out three priorities, which could be realized: research, regional co-operation and inter-cultural co-operation, the general headlines could be voluntary activities and youth entrepreneurship. The WGYA could support a network of researchers and bring together regional and local structures with the CBSS’ institutions.

Seija Astala wonders in which countries the responsibility for youth entrepreneurship lays in the ministry responsible for youth.

Sandra Jancauskaite explains that this would be only the case in Lithuania.

Andris Grafs suggest to collect best practices and to spread out the information.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen explains that in Norway the ministry is not responsible for youth entrepreneurship as such. Business administration and budgeting is taught at schools. Recently a bilateral seminar in Lithuania and in Norway was organized on such questions.

Andris Grafs summarized the central points: 1) Youth Research, 2) Intercultural Learning, 3) Dialogue with the Regional and Local Structures. Overall perspectives are: Volunteerism, Entrepreneurship and Intercultural Co-operation. Consultation work and the advisory work are well done by the Secretariat. He closes by asking for systems of supporting youth entrepreneurship in the different countries.

Concerning possible contacts with youth researchers Björn Jaaberg Hansen wants to know what kind of research is going on in the Baltic Sea region. For the involvement of young people in NGO’s he sees young people’s interest moving away from old forms to new forms.

The WGYA agrees that the Work Plan 2006-2008 is fine with respect to definitions and is balanced in its objectives. The task is given to the Secretariat to seek contact to the NORDBUK youth researcher’s network.

The WGYA suggest that both the Chair, the members of the Executive Group and the Secretariat should visit Copenhagen on behalf of the WGYA, to introduce the WGYA to Mr. Nicolai Arvedsen in preparation for Denmark joining and taking over the chair.

Seija Astala adds that the perspective on NGO’s should be covered by the work of the Secretariat, too. 

Björn Jaaberg Hansen adds that it should be kept in mind to do work on the integration of immigrants into youth initiatives and youth organizations.

The WGYA agrees that the deadline for ideas and contributions to the new Work Plan 2009 to 2011 will be a possible next meeting of the Executive Group.

• Membership of the Executive Group of WGYA during the Latvian Presidency and beyond

For the relation of the Executive Group and the WGYA Uwe Finke-Timpe describes the situation that in his view the Executive Group should take the decisions between the WGYA meetings, the Executive Group should then be responsible for the information flow in between the WGYA meetings.

Björn Jaaberg Hansen sees Denmark as member of the Executive Group, he understands the letter from Mr. Nicolai Arvedsen to the WGYA in this way.

The WGYA agrees now having the following countries in the Executive Group: Latvia, Germany and Denmark. The Terms of Reference and the Work Plan 2006-2008 should be sent to Denmark, the Executive Group should get in contact with the ministry. The WGYA is convinced that this contact will contribute to Denmark doing a good job in the work of the WGYA.

13:45 Closing of meeting
Chair Andris Grafs thanks all participants and closes the meeting.